Jumper's Knee

What is it?

Jumper’s knee, also known as patellar tendinopathy, is a painful condition affecting the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia). This overuse injury is particularly common among athletes involved in jumping sports, such as basketball, volleyball, and track and field. Unlike typical tendonitis, jumper's knee is characterised by degeneration rather than inflammation of the tendon. It often leads to discomfort that can severely limit an athlete's ability to perform, making early recognition and intervention crucial.

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Anatomy

To understand jumper’s knee, it’s essential to recognize the anatomy involved. The patellar tendon is a strong band of tissue that connects the patella to the tibia. It plays a critical role in the mechanics of the knee, particularly during activities that involve jumping, running, and sudden changes in direction. The tendon is composed primarily of collagen fibres, which provide strength and elasticity. The inferior pole of the patella, where the patellar tendon attaches, is the most common site for injury, experiencing stress during explosive movements.

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Symptoms

Athletes suffering from jumper’s knee typically experience pain localised at the inferior pole of the patella. This pain often worsens with activity, particularly during jumping or running, and may diminish with rest. Other common symptoms include:

• Tenderness and swelling around the knee joint
• Pain during prolonged sitting or activities requiring knee flexion, often referred to as the "movie theatre sign"
• Discomfort that increases with intense physical activity but subsides quickly with rest
• A feeling of weakness in the knee or difficulty in performing athletic movements

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If you notice these symptoms, it’s essential to consult with a physiotherapist for an accurate diagnosis and effective management plan.

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Causes

Jumper’s knee is primarily caused by overuse and repetitive strain on the patellar tendon. The following factors contribute to its development:

• High-intensity training: Athletes involved in jumping and running sports often subject their knees to high levels of stress, especially with insufficient rest.
• Biomechanical issues: Poor alignment, muscle imbalances, or abnormalities in foot structure can increase the risk of developing this condition.
• Inadequate warm-up: Failing to properly prepare the muscles and tendons before engaging in physical activities can lead to injury.
• Training errors: Sudden increases in training volume or intensity can overwhelm the tendon, leading to micro-tears and degeneration.

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Understanding these causes can help athletes implement preventative measures to reduce their risk.

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Treatment

The management of jumper’s knee typically involves a combination of conservative treatment strategies. Here are some effective approaches that physiotherapists often recommend:

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1. Activity Modification: Reduce or modify activities that place excessive strain on the knee. This includes limiting jumping and running until symptoms improve.

2. Physical Therapy: A physiotherapist can design a tailored rehabilitation program focusing on strengthening the muscles around the knee, improving flexibility, and correcting biomechanical issues. Eccentric training, in particular, has shown promising results in rehabilitating patellar tendinopathy.

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3. Ice Therapy: Applying ice can help reduce pain and swelling after activity. Cryotherapy is a simple yet effective method to manage symptoms.

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4. Bracing or Taping: Using a patellar strap or kinesiology tape can help alleviate strain on the tendon during activity, providing support and reducing pain.

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5. Gradual Return to Activity: Once symptoms improve, a structured program to gradually return to sport is essential. This should include sport-specific training to prevent re-injury.

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6. Advanced Treatments: In persistent cases, treatments such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy or shockwave therapy may be considered. Surgical options are reserved for severe cases unresponsive to conservative management.

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Conclusion

Jumper’s knee can be a frustrating condition for athletes, but early intervention can lead to effective management and recovery. If you are experiencing symptoms related to jumper’s knee, consulting a physiotherapist is vital. They can help assess your condition, provide a personalised rehabilitation plan, and guide you back to your sport safely. Remember, prioritising your knee health is crucial for maintaining your performance and enjoying your favourite activities without pain. Don’t let jumper’s knee sideline you—seek help from a physiotherapist today! Ground Up Physio is a physio based in the Belmore area. Contact us or book online. 

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